The First Success Factor - 995 Words

As the first success factor, different communication styles lead to conflict. Brett et al. (2006) emphasized on direct and indirect communication that it could easily create misunderstanding within the team. One of the example which explained by Brett et al. (2006) is the American expatriate asked their Japanese team members of â€Å"do you agree with the ideas?† As the result, they all answered â€Å"yes,† which does not mean they agreed in Japanese cultures but it means they show their American member respect. The failure from this case could occur when the American misunderstood the indirect communication concept by base their country’s culture only. Meyer that the team members should have flexible mind to learn the new cultures and avoid their cultural bias by misinterpretation from individual’s culture (Rizk, 2014). Adler (1997) added that misinterpretation could cause by inaccurate stereotypes. Through increasing cultural awareness, the team members could improve the accuracy and make more understanding of the team’s norms. Another aspect is the languages toward the team members could create problems in misunderstanding and frustration toward the native speakers (Brett et al., 2006). Most of the native speakers could not say from their mind directly and they need to translate them into easy words which may lack of some details as well. The language proficiency could enhance the social interaction between the expatriates and the host country members but it led no evidence ofShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review And Hypothesis Development852 Words   |  4 Pagesprobability of success. Zacharakis and Meyer’s research (1998) into the investment decision-making processes of VC investors is particularly pertinent to whether VC investments can be systematically improved and whether there are any gaps between understanding of their procedures and what happens in reality. Zacharakis, via studying 53 VCs from the two main start-up hubs in the United States (Silicon Valley and Colorado Front Range), establishes that there is a gap between the factors that affectRead MoreProject Management Practices : The Criteria For Success Or Failure871 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles that discussed the factors in a successful and failed project. The first article is â€Å"Project Management Practices: The Criteria for Success or Failure† by: Iman Attarzadeh and Siew Hock Ow. In this article the authors discuss the top ten factors for a successful and a failed project. The second article that I located was, â€Å"Top 10 Main Causes of Project Failure† by: Rosanne Lim . In this article, Lim discusses the ten factors that cause a project to fail. The top ten factors for a successful projectRead MoreCritical Success Factors For Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success1740 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction This paper is a critical review of the article ‘Critical Success Factors for Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success’ which was published in the ‘International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology’. In this review, the article summary is presented first before an analysis of its structure. The critique of the article then follows, focusing on the author’s authority, the accuracy of the article as a source of information, the currency of the article, its relevanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Outliers By Malm Gladwell959 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT-OUTLIERS: PROMPT #1 â€Å"Outliers† by Malcom Gladwell is an inspirational analysis of success and aspects that encompass the meaning of outliers. Gladwell dives deep into stories and facts to explain success and failure in a serious but entertaining tone. In this novel Gladwell introduces and explains important points that strengthen his argument that success is the result of multiple factors in life. His main three points used to set the tone of his overall argument is opportunities,Read More‘Despite Several Attempts to Regulate Campaign Finance, Money Increasingly Dominates the U.S. Electoral Process and Is the Main Factor Contributing to a Candidates Success’ Discuss1270 Words   |  6 Pagesdominates the U.S. Electoral process and is the main factor contributing to a candidates success’ Discuss (30 marks) Despite its popularity, there is no serious evidence that campaign finance regulation has actually accomplished any of the goals set out for it by its supporters. Efforts to regulate campaign finance have been little short of disastrous. They have distorted the political process, hindered grassroots political involvement, infringed on First Amendment rights, and helped to entrench incumbentsRead MoreUps Key Success Factors900 Words   |  4 PagesUPS Key Success Factors: The deliveries must be on time, there should be accuracy by way of deliveries, ownership of not only the land based vehicles but also airplanes are important for success. Key success factors include safe deliveries and an excellent reputation. Recently there are key success factors related to information. Accessing the UPS website gives critical information about the whereabouts of the parcel to any customer at a low cost. Information about the merchandise, customers andRead MoreTOMS - Critical Success Factors and Marketing Mix1724 Words   |  7 PagesTOMS - A Business Report An analysis and evaluation of the critical success factors and marketing mix of TOMS Footwear Company Contents Page 3 - Introduction: Including Executive Summary, Research methods and Recommendations Page 4 - About TOMS the TOMS business model Page 5 - The Critical Success Factors for TOMS Page 6 7 - The Marketing Mix, its links with the Critical Success Factors and recommendations Page 8 - References TOMS (2013) Introduction Executive Summary The purpose ofRead MoreAMH 2097 Paper 21345 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica in the 1600s. The first wave of immigration consisted of the Germans, Irish and Chinese. The WASPs created a way to measure the success of each immigrant group. They acknowledged four factors of success that would show them whether an immigrant group was successful or not. The first factor of success was how much money an immigrant had when they came to America. The more money they came to America with, the more successful they were. Another factor of an immigrant’s success was how large the groupRead MoreThe Value Of Good Management1664 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Currently, in the process of economic development, social competition among companies is likely to get tougher. In the development of companies, good management play an important role in a company achieving success, which means making a correct decision in order to achieve a particular purpose, plan, organize, direct, operate and control process. The purpose of good management is efficiency and benefit. The key of management is people and the principle of management is to organizationRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1431 Words   |  6 Pagesexamines the wonder of high achievement, and success frequently attributed to the hard work, determination, and specific talent in individuals. Gladwell succeeds at analyzing judgments and cultural epidemics, while putting his thesis into view, and explaining his proof through a series of short, exemplifying accounts. Stressing the fact that hard work is a crucial factor in becoming successful, Gladwell does not deduct the need for discrete skills. Factors such as timing, situations, and cultural heritage

Early Civilization Essay - 621 Words

Early Civilizations Matrix Using your readings and outside sources complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix: †¢ Provide names, titles, dates, brief descriptions of important events, and other details as necessary. †¢ Note the details of key political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities. Be sure to properly cite the sources that you use in completing this matrix. CivilizationPoliticsSociety/ EconomicsTechnologyArtMusicArchitecturePhilosophyLiteraturePrehistoric 7 million – 4000 B.C.ENone-They lived on the land-Stone tools†¦show more content†¦Roman 27 B.C.E – 393 C.E-women were prohibited from holding office-farmers -paid taxes with food and money -trading-mechanical reaper was invented -arch-rich statues -artists designed buildings and repaired sculptures-religious ceremony’s - civic entertainment-apartment buildings -mosaic -colorful stones in cement -Clement of Alexandria -Marcus Aurelius-Ovid Horace -VirgilJudaic 3150 B.C.E – 500 C.E.-Patriarch Abraham Avinu -was a very small group of men-known as agents of the sea -trading-official calendar-used inks, colorants, and dyes in most of the artwork-religious music -Christmas songs today were written during this time-wooden synagogues -massive fortifications-life after death-Rebecca bat Meir TiktinerShow MoreRelatedEarly Civilizations : Ancient Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pages18, 2015 Early Civilization All civilizations, whether old or new, strive for advancement. In order to advance, certain techniques and characteristics have to be combined and manipulated to achieve this progression. â€Å"A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a variety of common elements.† Examples of these early civilizations that used similar characteristics to flourish were the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and the Egyptians in Egypt. A civilization is formedRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Early Civilizations1030 Words   |  5 Pages Uncovering the mysteries of early civilizations is a task not many scientists have successfully and accurately attempted. Jared Diamond’s main focus of his Pulitzer Prize winning book/documentary Guns, Germs, and Steel is the claim that the 3 biggest mysteries of civilization depended mostly on accidental agriculture. This has been met with controversy because Diamond rarely includes other factors such as guns, steel, and actual Eurasian history. But is Guns, Germs, and Steel accurate and entertainingRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Early Civilizations Of Mesopotamia1042 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics shown in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia are still evident in today’s world because without these basic standards set by the people of Mesopotamia, civilization could never have grown or had a reference point for the basic building blocks of society. Mesopotamia was able to grow through the development of technology, trade, stable political and military system s, and a class system that contributed to society . Mesopotamia’s way of life influenced many other civilizations such as the onesRead MoreEssay on Early Civilizations522 Words   |  3 Pages Early Civilizations nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From 3000 BC to 1500 BC four civilizations arose that historians to this day marvel at, the Egyptians, the Sumerians, the Indus River Valley people, and the Shang dynasty in China. They all had great accomplishments in government, and religion and inventions. While they had their own different civilizations many similarities arise, such as depending on the river and their polytheistic religions. They had very isolated civilizations with theRead MoreSexism in Early Civilizations Essays733 Words   |  3 PagesEven in the first civilizations sexsim was very prevalent, women were not included in democracy, they were not allowed to vote, and in some earlier civilizations women were not even allowed to have a job or go outside the home. Even as a 16 year old girl in America, the supposed land of dreams, I see sexism everyday. I see it when I watch the news, I see it when I’m walking down the halls at my school, I even see it when I read novels and articles or watch a movie online. Over 60% of serious journalismRead MoreThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization Over the course of human evolution, there has been no greater single development with as profound and far reaching effects as that of the development of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture drove human civilization from a hunter-gatherer society to the settled and centralized society we know today. The advent of modern agriculture techniques enabled early man to settle in one area and develop their own food and raw material needed forRead MoreGeography and Early Civilizations Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesGeography and Early Civilizations Geography had a tremendous impact on early civilizations, the topography of the different regions played a key role in their development and formation. This statement by Fernand Braudel â€Å" Geography is the stage in which humanity’s endless dramas are played out† (Getz et al., Exchanges, 26) is a very moving and telling description. The terrain, whether it is natural or man made is not the end all, be all. It does however affect the stage a great deal. MountainousRead MoreComparing Religious And Political Authority Of Early Civilizations1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Religious and Political Authority of Early Civilizations Civilization can be defined along lines of a sophisticated state of human society, whereby a high level of culture and science, as well as industry and government has been attained. This paper compares civilization in the line of authority, both in religious and political spheres among the three groups; Mesopotamia, Nile in Egypt and Indus Valley (Mahenjodaro and Harrapa) in India. Mesopotamia Political organization The name MesopotamiaRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Early Mesopotamian Civilization1092 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing ancient civilization and how it began, there are many elements and aspects that should be considered. Questions such as how did civilization begin? What lead to its creation? Where did it begin, and why in that particular location? Many of these questions can be examined and answered by researching what many believe is the world’s earliest civilization, Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this region was chosen and supported one of the world’s first civilizations. This area wasRead MoreThe Influence of Geography and the Environment On the Development of Early Civilization 790 Words   |  4 Pagesnearly every civilization. For example, rivers bring water and allow for agricultural development, while mountains or deserts provide for protection and create a barrier. Many things, such as the aforementioned deserts and mountains, can offer both posi tive and negative influences on the society in question. The climate and amount of rainfall is directly related to the success or failure of crop growing, and thus related to the amount of time spent on simply surviving. Civilizations that are able

Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels Free Essays

Environmental Pollutants: Sewage and Fossil Fuels ENV/100 March 2013 Environmental Pollutants: Sewage and Fossil Fuels Environmental pollutants, according to the Blacksmith Institute (2013) negatively affect billions of the world’s population as a result of exposure to poisons associated with sewage and the fossil fuel crude oil. These poisons have led to long-term detrimental effects on ecosystems and has attributed to the premature deaths of 40% or 2. 8 billion of the world’s population of which three million children under the age of five die prematurely because of exposure these contaminants. We will write a custom essay sample on Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels or any similar topic only for you Order Now Researchers estimate that this number will grow to approximately 3. 6 billion by 2050 if these invasive toxins continue to remain prevalent in the world’s environment (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2012). In this paper, Team D will discuss the effects that sewage and crude oil have on the quality of air, soil, and water, environmental biological diversity, disposal methods, and alternative solutions toward the use of crude oil (University of Phoenix, 2013, Week Five Syllabus). Sewage As defined by Oilgae (2013) sewage refers to wastewater that commonly derives from liquid or solid human activities that contaminate the Earth’s air, soil, and water. These contaminates contain infectious organisms, referred to pathogens that cause diseases, such as bacteria dysentery and cholera, viral diseases of hepatitis and polio, and protozoal disease of amoebic dysentery and giardiasis (Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, 2002). Additionally, as stated by Nakate (2013) these toxins alter biological diversity through eutrophication, which degrades water quality, ultimately alters aquatic species, hinders native plants, and increases biological oxygen demand (BOD). As the rise in levels of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous as well as organic wastes in water pathways initiates extreme growth of bacteria and algae that proves lethal to living organisms as well as disrupts the function and structure of the entire ecosystems. These pollutants generally fall under four specific categories; commercial, industrial, sanitary, and surface runoff and effective management of their sewage waste byproducts (Oilgae, 2013). Commercial According to Oilgae (2013), this category contains liquid and solid waste materials associated with offices, restaurants, and service organizations in which sewage waste, such as cleaning chemicals or garbage placed in open air dumpster’s seep into the surface soil and water, or emit into the air through decomposition. Industrial This sewage originates from discarded water employed during the chemical and manufacturing process, such as mining (Oilgae, 2013). Mining produces high-levels arsenic, cyanide, and sulfuric acid wastewater or tailing, which miners dump into surface water pathways or pile uncovered that contaminates ground water, soil, and air through emissions of the toxic dust particles and through rainwater (Blacksmith Institute, 2012). Sanitary Shandilya (2013) defines this category as domestic waste initiated from institutional and residential activities that dispense wastewater associated detergents, soaps, and human bodily wastes that drain into sewage systems, lakes, or streams, which contaminates drinking water and harms animals and aquatic life. Surface Runoff This category represents as agricultural sewage, which includes fertilizers and pesticides that contain rich nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous, which accelerates enrichment leading to eutrophication as the waste travels through rainwater or dumped into water pathways (Shandilya, 2013). Sewage Waste Management The effective management of sewage waste would include abolishing untreated sewage and enforce a pre-treatment process that includes extensive filtering of effluents, employing microbes that convert wastes into solids; therefore, easily separated, and disinfecting partially pure effluents through chemical precipitation (Hollis, 2013). The pre-treatment process of chemical precipitation involves adding chemicals to the waste to create particles that remove toxins through decantation; therefore, properly transferring, disposing, and reusing the cleansed water (Edwards, 1994). This treatment process can prove beneficial to other wastes producers like that of fossil fuel crude oil. Fossil Fuel: Crude Oil Crude oil, as illustrated by Kaiser (2009) represents the world’s primary industrial energy source with estimates showing 30 to 40% of the world uses this fossil fuel for energy consumption, and indentified as black gold. This oil, a hydrocarbon, and derived from organic material from lakes and oceans that contain pressure and heat. Oil, generally falls into two categories; conventional, which proves less expensive, easy, and fast, or non-conventional that has an established reputation s expensive, slow, and difficult; whereas, crude oil has a classification of light, medium, or heavy, depending on the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. Crude oil, receives is name because it has dozens of different hydrocarbon compounds in which oil refineries work on accomplishing refinery of crude oil in three steps. 1. Breaking down thousands of compounds within the crude oil to chemical units. . Remove contaminants, entirely. 3. Transform the individual chemical units. As the oil becomes refined and separated into various fuels, this conversion leads to creation of numerous products, such as gasoline and other petroleum products that transports through 23,000 miles of pipeline within the United States. This conversion and transportation of fossil fuel byproducts has proven harmful to the environment as well as the d isposal of these fossil fuel oils in which society must seek alternative energy resources. Fossil Fuel and the Environment Fossil fuels, according to Green Energy Choice (2013) have become one of the world’s greatest greenhouse gas emitters that contribute three-fourths of the entire world’s carbon, methane, and other gas emissions. The production of electricity involves burning fossil fuels at an extremely high temperature, which results in high concentrations of pollution in the water and air. For example, the atmosphere naturally absorbs one ton of greenhouse gases; however, the atmosphere traps approximately 25% extra of the sun’s radiation because of the annual rise in greenhouse gas secretions. As 98% of the United States energy creation coming from the non-renewable fossil sources, the disposal of oil proves vital toward protecting the environment. Disposal of Oil As communicated by Septer (2013), recycling waste or used oil proves valuable to the environment, and the economy as inadequate disposal of waste oil damages water, land, and air resources. Recycling oil assists in the preservation of natural resources and conserves energy production. The most important motive for recycling oil surrounds the preservation of resources associated with crude oil. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated that â€Å"2. 5 quarts of high-quality lubricating oil is produced from just one gallon of waste oil; conversely, it takes an astonishing 42 gallons of crude oil to manufacture the same 2. 5 quarts of high-quality oil† (para. 3). Therefore, recycling oil proves beneficial because it does not pollute water pathways and does not finish in landfills as well as lowering the cost through oil re-refining rather than oil filtering. Therefore, the improper disposal of oil, such as throwing it away harms the environments; whereas, the energy saved in converting waste oil into fresh oil have has vast benefits, such as cleansing one gallon of waste oil employs â€Å"less resources than refining 42 gallons of crude oil† (para. 6). Alternative Solutions According to Alternative Energy (n. d. ) crude oil represents a limited accessible fossil fuel and analysts believe that by 2050 accessible crude oil in its entirety will become extinct, which has led scientist to create alternative fuel sources other than fossil and nuclear. The world uses nuclear fuel as demonstrated with the more than 300 global nuclear power plants in which France and Japan generate approximately 80% of electrical power from these plants. As illustrated by Alternative Energy (n. d. ) two alternate energy resources to replace the use of crude oil include solar and wind energy. Solar energy has proven to become one of the best power energies for the environment in that the solar power systems can remove â€Å"more than 110,000 pounds of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases out of atmosphere as well as prevent the requirement to burn 60,000 pounds of coal† (para. ). Solar does not produce acid rain, urban smog, or any other pollutants. Wind power represents the second alternate energy source and quickly becoming one of the most hopeful new energy sources for electricity and the cost has reduced by â€Å"15% with doubling of installed capacity worldwide† (para. 13). Subsequently, worldwide wind energy capacity has reached app roximately 16 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity after 1999 and these energy hours provide enough energy comparable to the size of five Miami cities. Conclusion As premature deaths continues to rise with an expectation of reaching more than three billion by 2050 along with the increasing growth in population, the Earth’s natural resources ultimately will become extinct because of the relentless and prevalent environmental pollutants of which sewage and crude oil contribute. Team D has illustrated the importance of understanding the initiators of sewage and crude oil pollutants, their cause and effect on the environment as well as proper waste management presented by chemical precipitation, and alternatives energy sources of solar and wind. However, the decisions made today will significantly influence the days of tomorrow; therefore, to protect the environment and the community members within each ecosystem, humanity must strengthen its commitment toward the reduction of premature deaths and its creators. References Alternative Energy. (n. d. ). Alternative energy. Retrieved from http://www. altenergy. org/ Blacksmith Institute. (2013). The world’s top ten toxic pollution problems 2012: Pollution facts. Retrieved from http://www. worstpolluted. org/pollution-facts-2009. html Edwards, J. D. (1994, December 30). Chemical precipitation – – Basics. Retrieved from http://cleanh2o. com/ww/chemppt. html Green Energy Choice. (2013). Fossil Fuels: How do they negatively affect the environment? Retrieved from http://www. greenenergychoice. com/green-guide/fossil-fuels. html Hollis, T. (2013). How to manage waste water. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/how_ 10030919_manage-waste-water. html Kaiser, D. (2009, October 23). Alternative energy replacements for crude oil. Retrieved from http://suite101. com/article/alternative-energy-replacements-for-crude-oil-a161973 Nakate, S. 2013, January 24). Sewage water pollution. Retrieved from http://buzzle. com/ articles/sewage-water-pollution. html Oilgae. (2013). Types of wastewater. Retrieved from http://www. oilgae. com/algae/cult/sew typ/typ. html Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. (2002, October). Surfacing sewage its effects on our environment. Retrieved from http://www. deq. state. ok. us/factsheets/land/ srfsewage. pdf Orga nisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2012, March 15). OECD environmental outlook to 2050: The consequences of inaction. Retrieved from http://www. oecd-ilibrary. org/environment/oecd-environmental-outlook-to- 2050_9789264122246-en Septer, J. D. (2013). Waste oil recycling information. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/ about_6596196_waste-oil-recycling-information. html Shandilya, R. (2013, March 5). Facts about water pollution. Retrieved from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/facts-about-water-pollution. html University of Phoenix. (2013). Week Five supplement: Course Syllabus. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ENV/100 – Principles of Environmental Science course website. How to cite Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels, Papers

Budget Participation Is A Double Sword †Myassignmenrhelp.Com

Questions: Explain And Evaluate The Significance Of The Above Statement? What Can Be Done To Minimise The Risks Associated With Budget Participation? Can A Marketing Department Be Either A Revenue Centre Or A Cost Centre? Answers: Introducation Budget Participation is a double-edged sword the given statement states that, the essential features of management effective controlling the Budgets system. And itself include some pros and cons. Here are description of some pros and cons: The pros of budget system are: Budget itself introduce savings of money as well time. Budget planning is the important part of the management the process of budget is include planning, organising people, time and money in the organisation, the main goal of budget planning is to achieve the target in given time.[1] Usually the essential principles of promoting the budgets are generally dependable on inter communication and correspondence. This might be viewed as applying the self-evident, however the formal technique will influence deals to work conversely with the operations or to gain the benefits for the clients. Budget planning are the guidelines for any action plan in any organisation. The cones of the budget system: Planning of budget does not provide flexibility, and decision making. Also budget planning is time consuming. Budget planning requires excessive knowledge to prepare the budgets. Consider certain assumptions and estimates. Planning of budget system may blame for outcomes to other departments. When an organization plan a budget system the senior management team needs tp plan a strategic rigidities to achieve the goal in coming next year. In budget participation organization has to face many risks. To avoid or minimize the risks decentralisation and multidivisional of organisation technique can be used by the company. Business planning for Budgeting and Forecasting: As per the Aberdeen and SAP report the best three drivers for planning and estimating are to enable association to manage showcase instability, adjusting methodology and doing cost control.[2] Risk Adjustment in budgeting participation: Budgeting planning has three Strategy of adjusting the risk planning of operations, reporting of management, cost management. Multidivisional organisation planning: In budget participation to reduce the risk planning and control responsibilities are the main factors. The duty of the senior executives to assigned the human and operational responsibilities to their respective division.[3] Decentralization planning to reduce the risk: Every business planning need a structure to reduces risks. It needs Top-Down approaching for the centralized decision making. There are few more points to reduces the risk : Better alignment of planning with corporate goals. Corporate need to control the cost management in organisation. To create volatility need to change the dynamically account. Need a sufficient buy-in to deliver the expected results. In what situations will an organization choose to make their business units investment centres instead of any other types of responsibility centres? Briefly explain your answer. In any organisation a unit head is responsible for all the activities this is called responsibility centres. Whole organisation are divided into different department and all responsibility centres use some resources for the outputs. Every management point of view the responsibility centres is different for example according to marketing manager the sales, distribution and advertising department is the responsibility centres.[4] There are four types of responsibility centres: Revenue Center, Expense Center, Profit Center, and Investment Center Investment center is also a responsibility center in which the head of department is responsible for earning rate of return. Profit centre also can become an investment center in this the whole concentration on assets employed. It differ from other centres or we can say organisations choose to make their business units into investment center because of it has feature to calculate on the basis of the rate of return earned on the possessions in that center.[5] Revenue center is the part of responsibility centres. Revenue center are the segment in which productivity does not directly compared to response costs but measured in financial terms. Revenue generated by it is the main target of management. The best example of the Revenue center is a sales department. The adequacy of the middle is not judged by how much deals income surpasses the cost of the inside. Or maybe spending plans are set up for the income focus and the planned figures are contrasted and the genuine deals. Cost center or Investment center: A profit center can be cost center because both requires some form of capital investment. In a cost center all activities are controlled bur he head of department or manager he is the only one who is responsible person for all. A example we can take a automobile manufacturing company sell their parts or products at some departmental stores some branches of multiple shops these are called investment or cost center. Where cost can be mark out this place are known as cost center. A person team, a division, a department, a machine, a project all are the part of cost center. Another example of cost center we can take as such IT department, accounting department. Briefly explain why they are so successful. For each company, identify: Its business strategy (low cost or differentiation). Its core competencies. In my opinion three most successful companies in 2017 are: Business Strategy of Apple: The business strategy of apple is they sell their products to their own stores. Apple Company has adaptive nature of advanced technologies and features[6]. They are very fond of new technologies. The innovation list of apple is include IPad, IPhone, Mac book, Apple TV, IPod. The first innovation of Apple was IPad which has the capability of store thousand songs. As the part of business strategy Apple was continuously expanding his business through third party digital content and applications of apple through the iTunes store. Core Competencies: Apple Company has expert staff to making good software, hardwares and services. The apple devices are easy to operate in compare to other companys software devices. The ecosystem of apple also provides to their customer good services and easy operate applications as well. Business Strategy of Amazon.com: The main target of Amazon Company is home service market. The business strategy of amazon to fulfil the customer demands on time and give the first priority to their customers.[7] The most recent announcement of amazon is Amazon Go. This announcement is related to avoid the long queues for the customers and just walk out technology for that shoppers need to download the amazon app in his smart phone. Core Competencies: Now a days amazon moving ahead to simple online shoppings and delivery and also moving into ecommerce. The simple steps of amazon is following is segmentation, targeting, positioning in market. Amazon also has position itself as go global act local in e-commerce. Business strategy of Starbucks: The founder of Starbucks is Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker.[8] They have the strategy to satisfy and fulfil the requirements of their customers. Now Starbucks are expanding their business in every country by their smart strategies. Core competencies: The competitors of Starbucks are McDonald and Dominos. Starbuck usually distribute their products at their stores, this strategy make the customers top faith on the Starbucks. References Zainuddin, Suria, and Che Ruhana Isa. "The role of organizational fairness and motivation in the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance: A conceptual paper." Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5, no. 12 (2011): 641-648. Marques, Rui Cunha, and Sanford Berg. "Risks, contracts, and private-sector participation in infrastructure." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137, no. 11 (2011): 925-932. Jones, Gareth R., and Gareth R. Jones. "Organizational theory, design, and change." (2010). DRURY, COLIN M. Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. Pekgn, Pelin, Paul M. Griffin, and P?nar Keskinocak. "Centralized versus Decentralized Competition for Price and Lead?Time Sensitive Demand." Decision Sciences (2016). Wheelen, Thomas L., and J. David Hunger. Strategic management and business policy. pearson, 2017 Keller, Kevin Lane, M. G. Parameswaran, and Isaac Jacob. Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India, 2011. Rothaermel, Frank T. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015[1] Zainuddin, Suria, and Che Ruhana Isa. "The role of organizational fairness and motivation in the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance: A conceptual paper." Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5, no. 12 (2011): 641-648. [2] Marques, Rui Cunha, and Sanford Berg. "Risks, contracts, and private-sector participation in infrastructure." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137, no. 11 (2011): 925-932. [3] Jones, Gareth R., and Gareth R. Jones. "Organizational theory, design, and change." (2010). [4] DRURY, COLIN M. Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. [5] Pekgn, Pelin, Paul M. Griffin, and P?nar Keskinocak. "Centralized versus Decentralized Competition for Price and Lead?Time Sensitive Demand." Decision Sciences (2016). [6] Wheelen, Thomas L., and J. David Hunger. Strategic management and business policy. pearson, 2017. [7] Keller, Kevin Lane, M. G. Parameswaran, and Isaac Jacob. Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India, 2011. [8] Rothaermel, Frank T. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.